Prime product pp(n) >/ 19*n for every natural n >/ 7
This wlog (for n >/ 7) can be read independently of wlog
https://aot2025.blogspot.com/2025/09/prime-product-ppn-5n-of-primes-p-4-p-n.html
while it is a continuation of that previous wlog (for n >/ 5).
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Terminology:
- N := {1 2 3 ...} -- the set of all natural numbers
- P := {2 3 5 7 11 13 17 ... } -- the set of all primes
- pp(x) := prod{ p in P: p \< x}. -- the product of all primes that are \< x
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The product of the empty set, i.e. of zero elements, is equal to 1 (by a definition). This starts the list below:
- pp(1) = 1
- pp(2) = 2
- pp(3) = 2*3 = 6
- pp(4) = pp(3) = 6
- pp(5) = 2*3*5 = 30
- pp(6) = pp(5) = 30
- pp(7) = 2*3*5*7 = 210
- pp(10) = pp(9) = pp(8) = pp(7) = 210
- pp(11) = 2*3*5*7*11 = 2310
- pp(12) = pp(11) = 2310
- pp(13) = 2*3*5*7*11*13 = 30030
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Theorem 1 pp(n) >/ 19*n for every natural n >/ 7.
Proof: Apply the table above:
7 \< n \< 10 ==> pp(n) = 210 > 19*10 >/ 19*n
and
11 \< n \< 100 ==> pp(n) >/ 2310 > 19*100 >/ 19*n
The theorem already holds whenever 7 \< n\< 100. We can finish the proof by doing the induction on n starting with n=100. Consider an arbitrary natural n >/ 100 for which the theorem holds. Then we consider 3. cases:
- Case A: pp(n) = 19*n
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Then n is divisible by arbitrary prime p \< n except for p=19; our n is not divisible by 19. Thus n+1 is not divisible by any prime p \< n except possibly by 19. Of course n+1 cannot be divided by any prime p > n+1. It follows that there exists natural k such that n+1 = 19^k, or else n+1 itself is prime.
If n+1=19^k then 18 | 19^k-1 = n hence 3^2 | n. However n | pp(n) while 3^2 does not divide pp(n) -- a contradiction; n+1 is not equal to. 19^k.
Thus n has to be prime. Then
pp(n+1) = pp(n)*(n+1) = 19*n*(n+1) > 19*(n+1)
Thus, the theorem holds for n+1 (under the Case A). - Case B: pp(n) = 19*n + r where 1 \< r < 19
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Then 19 does not divide pp(n) hence n < 19 -- a contradiction; Case B is impossible. - Case C: pp(n) >/ 19*(n+1) (the remaining case)
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Then pp(n+1) >/ pp(n) >/ 19*(n+1) hence the theorem holds for n+1 (under the Case C).
Together, the case of 7 \< n \< 100, and Cases A B C cover all integers n >/ 7. End of Proof
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REMARK: Experts have proved results infinitely harder(!) than the one above.
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